Body-Pin Rigidity

1.6. Rigidity against continuous motions🔗

A second geometric form of the theorem is about motions rather than about nearby placements, and the paper states nothing of the kind. A continuous motion of a framework is a continuous path of placements, defined on the unit interval, along which every edge of G keeps the length it has at the start; no differentiability is assumed of it. The formalization obtains rigidity against such motions from the same regular locus as before.

Theorem1.6.1
Group: The Euclidean statements the formalization proves in place of that citation: local rigidity on an open dense set of placements, rigidity against continuous motions, and the vocabulary both are stated in. (3)
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Definition 1.3.1
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Theorem 1.3.2
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used by 0✓L∃∀N

A placement is continuously rigid when every continuous motion from it stays congruent to it. A graph attains the complete graph's maximum rigidity rank if and only if it is continuously rigid at every placement of some open dense set. For the expanded body–pin graph the partition condition is therefore equivalent to continuous rigidity on an open dense set of placements, and at a regular placement satisfying the partition condition no continuous motion leaves the congruence class of that placement.

Lean code for Theorem1.6.1●5 declarations
  • def RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsContinuouslyRigid {V : Type} {d : ℕ}
      (G : SimpleGraph V) (p : RB31E2E.BarJoint.Placement V d) : Prop
    def RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsContinuouslyRigid
      {V : Type} {d : ℕ} (G : SimpleGraph V)
      (p : RB31E2E.BarJoint.Placement V d) :
      Prop
    Every continuous motion on the unit interval which starts at `p` and
    preserves graph-edge lengths remains congruent to `p` throughout. 
  • def RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsGenericallyContinuouslyRigid {V : Type}
      (G : SimpleGraph V) (d : ℕ) : Prop
    def RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsGenericallyContinuouslyRigid
      {V : Type} (G : SimpleGraph V) (d : ℕ) :
      Prop
    A graph is generically continuously rigid when continuous rigidity holds
    on an open dense set of placements. 
  • defdefined in RB31Geometric.lean
    complete
    def RB31E2E.EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement : Prop
    def RB31E2E.EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement :
      Prop
    The partition criterion in the open-dense Euclidean continuous-rigidity
    formulation, quantifying over all continuous motions. 
  • theoremdefined in RB31Geometric.lean
    complete
    theorem RB31E2E.endToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement :
      RB31E2E.EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement
    theorem RB31E2E.endToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement :
      RB31E2E.EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement
    The unconditional body--pin theorem in continuous Euclidean rigidity form. 
  • theoremdefined in RB31Geometric.lean
    complete
    theorem RB31E2E.bodyPin_euclideanIsContinuouslyRigid_of_partition_of_regular
      (H : RB31E2E.BodyPinIncidence) (extra : H.Body → ℕ)
      (p : RB31E2E.BarJoint.Placement (H.BPVertex extra) 3)
      (hp : RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsRegularPlacement (H.bodyPinGraph extra) p)
      (hpart : H.PartitionCondition) :
      RB31E2E.BarJoint.EuclideanIsContinuouslyRigid (H.bodyPinGraph extra)
        (RB31E2E.BarJoint.toEuclideanPlacement p)
    theorem RB31E2E.bodyPin_euclideanIsContinuouslyRigid_of_partition_of_regular
      (H : RB31E2E.BodyPinIncidence)
      (extra : H.Body → ℕ)
      (p :
        RB31E2E.BarJoint.Placement
          (H.BPVertex extra) 3)
      (hp :
        RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsRegularPlacement
          (H.bodyPinGraph extra) p)
      (hpart : H.PartitionCondition) :
      RB31E2E.BarJoint.EuclideanIsContinuouslyRigid
        (H.bodyPinGraph extra)
        (RB31E2E.BarJoint.toEuclideanPlacement
          p)
    The continuous-motion conclusion in native Euclidean coordinates. 
Proof for Theorem 1.6.1

Congruent placements have rigidity operators of equal rank. Equality of all pairwise distances gives equality of the Gram matrices of the differences from a fixed vertex, hence a linear isometry of \R^d taking each p_v - p_w to q_v - q_w, and that isometry intertwines the two operators. Now let c be a continuous family of placements on a preconnected parameter space, each equivalent to c(t_0), with c(t_0) attaining \rho_d(K). The parameters at which c(t) is congruent to c(t_0) form a closed set, since congruence is the equality of the squared edge-length map of K at c(t) and at c(t_0) and that map is continuous along c. They form an open set as well: at such a parameter c(t) is congruent to c(t_0), so R_G has rank \rho_d(K) there too and G is locally rigid there by the previous proof; every nearby c(s) is equivalent to c(t) and close to it, hence congruent to c(t) and so to c(t_0). The set is nonempty and the parameter space is preconnected, so the set is everything, and taking the unit interval for the parameter space gives continuous rigidity at every placement of rank \rho_d(K).

For the converse at a regular placement, the slice of the previous proof gives paths inside the level set of the squared edge-length map of G whose tangent directions at p are all of \ker R_G(p). Continuous rigidity makes every pairwise distance constant along each of them, and differentiating at the base point gives \ker R_G(p) \subseteq \ker R_K(p) again. So continuous and local rigidity agree at every placement regular for both graphs, and the two open dense formulations agree with each other and with maximum rank.

Local rigidity is a statement about placements near p, and continuous rigidity a statement about paths leaving p; neither implies the other for a single placement without a hypothesis, and the equivalence isContinuouslyRigid_iff_isLocallyRigid_of_regular between them is asserted only at a placement regular for G and for K. Both have native Euclidean forms, and EuclideanIsContinuouslyRigid is the one the body–pin statement is given in.

/-- Every continuous motion on the unit interval which starts at `p` and preserves graph-edge lengths remains congruent to `p` throughout. -/ def IsContinuouslyRigid (G : SimpleGraph V) (p : Placement V d) : Prop := ∀ c : unitInterval → Placement V d, Continuous c → c 0 = p → (∀ t, IsEquivalent G p (c t)) → ∀ t, IsCongruent p (c t)/-- A graph is generically continuously rigid when continuous rigidity holds on an open dense set of placements. -/ def IsGenericallyContinuouslyRigid (G : SimpleGraph V) (d : ℕ) : Prop := ∃ U : Set (Placement V d), IsOpen U ∧ Dense U ∧ ∀ p ∈ U, IsContinuouslyRigid G p/-- The partition criterion in the open-dense Euclidean continuous-rigidity formulation, quantifying over all continuous motions. -/ def EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement : Prop := ∀ (H : BodyPinIncidence) (extra : H.Body → ℕ), BarJoint.EuclideanIsGenericallyContinuouslyRigid (H.bodyPinGraph extra) 3 ↔ H.PartitionCondition

Composing either equivalence with Theorem A.1 gives a statement of the body–pin theorem in geometric terms, and that composition is the whole content of RB31Geometric: two root theorems, each of them the maximum-rank theorem followed by one equivalence, together with the pointwise consequences at a regular or generic placement. Neither geometric property is a hypothesis anywhere in the maximum-rank proof, so nothing in the earlier chapters changes. All three roots have the same axiom closure, which the trust boundary states. Theorem 1.1 stands closer to these two statements than to Theorem A.1, and the distance that remains is the reading of generic discussed above.