1.6. Rigidity against continuous motions
A second geometric form of the theorem is about motions rather than about
nearby placements, and the paper states nothing of the kind. A continuous
motion of a framework is a continuous path of placements, defined on the unit
interval, along which every edge of G keeps the length it has at the start;
no differentiability is assumed of it. The formalization obtains rigidity
against such motions from the same regular locus as before.
A placement is continuously rigid when every continuous motion from it stays congruent to it. A graph attains the complete graph's maximum rigidity rank if and only if it is continuously rigid at every placement of some open dense set. For the expanded body–pin graph the partition condition is therefore equivalent to continuous rigidity on an open dense set of placements, and at a regular placement satisfying the partition condition no continuous motion leaves the congruence class of that placement.
Lean code for Theorem1.6.1●5 declarations
Associated Lean declarations
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defdefined in RB31EndToEnd/Rigidity/ConnectedMotion.leancomplete
def RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsContinuouslyRigid {V : Type} {d : ℕ} (G : SimpleGraph V) (p : RB31E2E.BarJoint.Placement V d) : Prop
def RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsContinuouslyRigid {V : Type} {d : ℕ} (G : SimpleGraph V) (p : RB31E2E.BarJoint.Placement V d) : Prop
Every continuous motion on the unit interval which starts at `p` and preserves graph-edge lengths remains congruent to `p` throughout.
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defdefined in RB31EndToEnd/Rigidity/ContinuousAsimowRoth.leancomplete
def RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsGenericallyContinuouslyRigid {V : Type} (G : SimpleGraph V) (d : ℕ) : Prop
def RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsGenericallyContinuouslyRigid {V : Type} (G : SimpleGraph V) (d : ℕ) : Prop
A graph is generically continuously rigid when continuous rigidity holds on an open dense set of placements.
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defdefined in RB31Geometric.leancomplete
def RB31E2E.EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement : Prop
def RB31E2E.EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement : Prop
The partition criterion in the open-dense Euclidean continuous-rigidity formulation, quantifying over all continuous motions.
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theoremdefined in RB31Geometric.leancomplete
theorem RB31E2E.endToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement : RB31E2E.EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement
theorem RB31E2E.endToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement : RB31E2E.EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement
The unconditional body--pin theorem in continuous Euclidean rigidity form.
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theoremdefined in RB31Geometric.leancomplete
theorem RB31E2E.bodyPin_euclideanIsContinuouslyRigid_of_partition_of_regular (H : RB31E2E.BodyPinIncidence) (extra : H.Body → ℕ) (p : RB31E2E.BarJoint.Placement (H.BPVertex extra) 3) (hp : RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsRegularPlacement (H.bodyPinGraph extra) p) (hpart : H.PartitionCondition) : RB31E2E.BarJoint.EuclideanIsContinuouslyRigid (H.bodyPinGraph extra) (RB31E2E.BarJoint.toEuclideanPlacement p)
theorem RB31E2E.bodyPin_euclideanIsContinuouslyRigid_of_partition_of_regular (H : RB31E2E.BodyPinIncidence) (extra : H.Body → ℕ) (p : RB31E2E.BarJoint.Placement (H.BPVertex extra) 3) (hp : RB31E2E.BarJoint.IsRegularPlacement (H.bodyPinGraph extra) p) (hpart : H.PartitionCondition) : RB31E2E.BarJoint.EuclideanIsContinuouslyRigid (H.bodyPinGraph extra) (RB31E2E.BarJoint.toEuclideanPlacement p)
The continuous-motion conclusion in native Euclidean coordinates.
Congruent placements have rigidity operators of equal rank. Equality of all
pairwise distances gives equality of the Gram matrices of the differences from
a fixed vertex, hence a linear isometry of \R^d taking each p_v - p_w to
q_v - q_w, and that isometry intertwines the two operators. Now let c be
a continuous family of placements on a preconnected parameter space, each
equivalent to c(t_0), with c(t_0) attaining \rho_d(K). The parameters
at which c(t) is congruent to c(t_0) form a closed set, since congruence
is the equality of the squared edge-length map of K at c(t) and at
c(t_0) and that map is continuous along c. They form an open set as well:
at such a parameter c(t) is congruent to c(t_0), so R_G has rank
\rho_d(K) there too and G is locally rigid there by the previous proof;
every nearby c(s) is equivalent to c(t) and close to it, hence congruent
to c(t) and so to c(t_0). The set is nonempty and the parameter space is
preconnected, so the set is everything, and taking the unit interval for the
parameter space gives continuous rigidity at every placement of rank
\rho_d(K).
For the converse at a regular placement, the slice of the previous proof gives
paths inside the level set of the squared edge-length map of G whose
tangent directions at p are all of \ker R_G(p). Continuous rigidity makes
every pairwise distance constant along each of them, and differentiating at the
base point gives \ker R_G(p) \subseteq \ker R_K(p) again. So continuous and
local rigidity agree at every placement regular for both graphs, and the two
open dense formulations agree with each other and with maximum rank.
Local rigidity is a statement about placements near p, and continuous
rigidity a statement about paths leaving p; neither implies the other for a
single placement without a hypothesis, and the equivalence
isContinuouslyRigid_iff_isLocallyRigid_of_regular
between them is asserted only at a placement regular for G and for K.
Both have native Euclidean forms, and
EuclideanIsContinuouslyRigid
is the one the body–pin statement is given in.
/-- Every continuous motion on the unit interval which starts at `p` and
preserves graph-edge lengths remains congruent to `p` throughout. -/
def IsContinuouslyRigid (G : SimpleGraph V) (p : Placement V d) : Prop :=
∀ c : unitInterval → Placement V d, Continuous c → c 0 = p →
(∀ t, IsEquivalent G p (c t)) → ∀ t, IsCongruent p (c t)/-- A graph is generically continuously rigid when continuous rigidity holds
on an open dense set of placements. -/
def IsGenericallyContinuouslyRigid (G : SimpleGraph V) (d : ℕ) : Prop :=
∃ U : Set (Placement V d), IsOpen U ∧ Dense U ∧
∀ p ∈ U, IsContinuouslyRigid G p/-- The partition criterion in the open-dense Euclidean continuous-rigidity
formulation, quantifying over all continuous motions. -/
def EndToEndContinuousBodyPinStatement : Prop :=
∀ (H : BodyPinIncidence) (extra : H.Body → ℕ),
BarJoint.EuclideanIsGenericallyContinuouslyRigid (H.bodyPinGraph extra) 3 ↔
H.PartitionCondition
Composing either equivalence with Theorem A.1
gives a statement of the body–pin theorem in geometric terms, and that
composition is the whole content of RB31Geometric: two root
theorems, each of them the maximum-rank theorem followed by one equivalence,
together with the pointwise consequences at a regular or generic placement.
Neither geometric property is a hypothesis anywhere in the maximum-rank proof,
so nothing in the earlier chapters changes. All three roots have the same axiom
closure, which the trust boundary states. Theorem 1.1
stands closer to these two statements than to Theorem A.1, and the distance
that remains is the reading of generic discussed above.